Sunday, March 10, 2019

Panpsychism - Hard problem of consciousness and the Nature of Consciousness

Life never ends in past or future there is always a meaning for something sometime!
Like Yin and Yang, duality forming a whole? Aren't we all one in this life after all!
Out of the odds of it all through space and time in our vast self-aware universe under 
the sun here as we all are together!

~~~~~Panpsychism
Etymology - The term "panpsychism" has its origins with the Greek term pan (πᾶν : "all, everything, whole") and psyche (ψυχή: "soul, mind") as the unifying center of the mental life of us humans and other living creatures." Psyche comes from the Greek word ψύχω (psukhō, "I blow") and can mean life, soul, mind, spirit, heart and 'life-breath'. The use of psyche is controversial due to it being synonymous with soul, a term usually taken to have some sort of supernatural quality; more common terms now found in the literature include mind, mental properties, mental aspect, and experience.

The recent interest in the hard problem of consciousness has revived interest in panpsychism.

~~~~~Hard problem of consciousness
The hard problem of consciousness is the problem of explaining how and why sentient organisms have qualia or phenomenal experiences—how and why it is that some internal states are felt states, such as heat or pain, rather than unfelt states, as in a thermostat or a toaster. The philosopher David Chalmers, who introduced the term "hard problem" of consciousness, contrasts this with the "easy problems" of explaining the ability to discriminate, integrate information, report mental states, focus attention, etc. Easy problems are easy because all that is required for their solution is to specify a mechanism that can perform the function. That is, their proposed solutions, regardless of how complex or poorly understood they may be, can be entirely consistent with the modern materialistic conception of natural phenomena. Chalmers claims that the problem of experience is distinct from this set and that the problem of experience will "persist even when the performance of all the relevant functions is explained".

~~~~~Panpsychism and the Nature of Consciousness
What is consciousness? Why does it even exist? It has long been treated as the byproduct of biological complexity. The more complicated the brain, the more self-aware. Other thinkers have seen consciousness as totally distinct from the body — dualism.  But maybe consciousness, like space and time, mass and energy, is just a basic characteristic of the universe. Maybe it's a fundamental property of matter. Welcome to the concept of "panpsychism". 

It's a radical-sounding idea and it could prove vital for us in radically rethinking how we think about reality itself.

It's been said that the only thing we know for certain is our own experience. But how do we account for this most subjective phenomenon within the science of consciousness? How can science with its objective metrics even begin to engage with the felt nature of the inner subjective life? 

~~~~~Panpsychism: The Science and Philosophy of an Intelligent Universal Mind
Move over survival of the fittest. Step aside gradual evolution through adaptability and random mutations.  There is a new player on the scientific/philosophical block. It is called ‘Panpsychism’ , and it threatens to challenge absolutely everything currently known about what the universe is and how it works. On the simplest level, Panpsychism makes the astounding claim that the universe, rather than being a sterile backdrop in which materialistic ‘stuff’ evolves and develops, is instead a web of consciousness that brought about everything that is. This way of thinking is nothing new for those who follow metaphysics and some ancient religious systems. The idea of an Akashic Field has been around for millennia. But for scientists, operating within the parameters of mathematics and the scientific method, to give such a theory a name and subject it to peer reviewed papers, is a breakthrough. What Panpsychism says is that the universe itself may be self-aware.

Metaphysics meets Science
Zen masters for thousands of years have said that all is one, but to give this concept official sounding labels such as ‘entanglement’ and ‘proto-consciousness fields’ is quite shocking. It means that lines of inquiry which have traditionally moved along two separate roads, called metaphysics and science, may have now merged into one superhighway.

Christof Koch, of the Allen Institute for Brain Science, a Seattle-based, independent, nonprofit medical research organization dedicated to accelerating the understanding of how the human  brain works, has been designing experiments which define consciousness. His results indicate that biological organisms are conscious if they are capable of changing their behavior when confronted by new situations. But if a system is able to act upon its own state and, in effect, determine its own fate, it is conscious even if it is not biological or organic.